Gynaecological Disorders

Gynaecological disorders encompass a range of conditions affecting the female reproductive system, including the uterus, ovaries, fallopian tubes, and vagina. These disorders can impact a woman's overall health, fertility, and quality of life. Understanding the symptoms, causes, and available treatments is vital for early diagnosis and effective management.

Common Gynaecological Disorders

Menstrual Disorders:

• Symptoms: Irregular periods, heavy bleeding (menorrhagia), painful periods (dysmenorrhea), or absence of menstruation (amenorrhea).
• Causes: Hormonal imbalances, polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), thyroid disorders, or uterine abnormalities.
• Treatment: Hormonal therapy, lifestyle modifications, or surgical procedures such as dilation and curettage (D&C) for severe cases.

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS):

• Symptoms: Irregular periods, excessive hair growth (hirsutism), acne, weight gain, and infertility.
• Causes: Insulin resistance, genetic predisposition, and hormonal imbalances.
• Treatment: Weight management, medications like oral contraceptives, and insulin-sensitizing drugs.

Endometriosis:

• Symptoms: Chronic pelvic pain, painful menstruation, pain during intercourse, and infertility.
• Causes: Growth of endometrial tissue outside the uterus, possibly due to retrograde menstruation or immune dysfunction.
• Treatment: Pain management, hormonal therapy, or surgical removal of endometrial tissue.

Uterine Fibroids:

• Symptoms: Heavy menstrual bleeding, pelvic pain, frequent urination, and infertility.
• Causes: Hormonal factors and genetic predisposition.
• Treatment: Medications, non-invasive procedures like MRI-guided focused ultrasound, or surgeries such as myomectomy or hysterectomy.

Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID):

• Symptoms: Lower abdominal pain, abnormal vaginal discharge, fever, and pain during intercourse.
• Causes: Bacterial infections, often resulting from sexually transmitted infections (STIs).
• Treatment: Antibiotics, pain relievers, and, in severe cases, hospitalization for intravenous antibiotics.

Preventive Measures

• Regular gynecological check-ups.
• Maintaining good hygiene.
• Using barrier methods to prevent STIs.
• Leading a healthy lifestyle with balanced nutrition and exercise.